Latinski izraz za noht je unguis in je sestavljen iz keratina - beljakovine z aminokislinami.
Noht je roževinasta tvorba, ki pokriva in varuje zadnji člen prsta rok in nog, jim daje oporo in pri rokah omogoča prijemanje drobnih predmetov. Noht je sestavljen iz dveh delov nohtne plošče in nohtnega ležišča.
Nohtna plošča je trda bledorožnata roževinasta plošča ki jo tvori 100 do 150 slojev roževinastih celic, ki so tesno zlepljene. Koža ki pokriva nohtno ploščo je eponihij, njen poroženeli del ki se konča na nohtni plošči s tanko kožico in se lušči in odpada pa imenujemo kutikula.
Nohtno ležišče je podlaga nohtni plošči in ra razdelimo v nohtno matico in nohtno posteljico. V nohtni matici se zarodne celice razmnožujejo, poroženevajo in iz njih nastaja nohtna plošča. Koren nohta tiči v posebni kožni gubi. Tam nastajajo vedno nove celice, tako da raste noht na korenu.
Najpomembnejši sestavni del nohtov so poroženele celice, ki so sestavljene večinoma iz keratina, poleg keratina noht vsebuje tudi rudnine in veliko kalcija.
Nohti rastejo celo življenje na njihovo rast vpliva starost, spol in vremenski vplivi. Tako hitreje rastejo v mladosti, pri ženskah in v poletnih mesecih. Najhitreje raste noht na sredincu rok, najpočasneje pa na mezincu nog. Pomembno na rast nohtov vpliva preskrba nohtne plošče s hranilnimi snovmi, še posebej moramo biti pozorni na zadostno preskrbo nohtne plošče v času bolezni in shujševalnih kur.
Povprečno noht zraste 0,1mm na dan. Oblika nohtov je podedovana in je odvisna od končnega členka prstov.
Zdrav noht je prožen, močan in rahlo rožnate barve. Enako kot koža tudi nohti odražajo zdravstveno stanje. Barva nohta je sicer prosojna, vendar mu rožnato barvo daje pod njim ležeča nohtna posteljica. Zgornja plast nohta mora biti gladka, zaobljena in brez lis, vdolbin, črt in izboklin. Umazanija in črni nohti so podlaga za razvoj bakterij, zato vedno pazimo na čistočo nohtov. Roka pa je lepa samo takrat, kadar so lepo oblikovani in negovani tudi nohti.
Dolžina nohtov je odvisna od trenutnih modnih trendov, prav tako lahko trdimo za obliko. Dolžina nohtov je odvisna tudi od dela, ki ga opravljamo. Igranje določenih inštrumentov, tipkanje ali negovanje nežne otroške ritke prav gotovo zahtevajo kratko postrižene nohte. Dolgi so lahko od 3- 4 milimetre. Taka dolžina nohtov nas pri delu ne bo ovirala, lepo negovani nohti pa bodo prav tako lepi.
NAJPOGOSTEJŠE TEŽAVE Z NOHTI:
Krhki nohti:
Krhke nohte delimo na trde in mehke krhke nohte. Kadar so nohti trdi in krhki jim primanjkuje vlage, pri mehkih krhkih nohtih pa je obratno in je vlage preveč, krivec za to, pa je največkrat veliko namakanje rok ( poklici gostinci, frizerji..). Očitno je, da je potrebno mehke krhke nohte zaščititi pred vlago, torej je pri delu z vodo, obvezna je uporaba gumijastih rokavic. Trde krhke nohte pa je potrebno vlažiti in mehčati, zato priporočam namakanje v olivnem olju.
Pozorni pa bodite tudi pri pogostem odstranjevanju laka za nohte, saj odstranjevalci lakov zelo izsušijo nohte.
Lahko pa so krhki nohti tudi posledica pomanjkanja vitaminov in mineralov. Največkrat gre za pomanjkanje železa in biotina. Če imate krhke nohte bi bilo dobro, če bi poskusili z dodatkom B vitaminov.
Cepljenje nohtov:
Tudi za cepljenje nohtov je najpogostejši vzrok namakanje rok v vodi. Velikokrat pa tudi pogosto lakiranje nohtov oz. problematično je odstranjevanje laka za nohte. Še en pomemben dejavnik je piljenje nohtov. Lahko pa gre ponovno za pomanjkanje B vitaminov, ali pa vitamina A, včasih gre za pomanjkanje žvepla. Možne so tudi motnje v delovanju ščitnice.
Priporočam: Primerno nego rok in nohtov, kreme in mazila za nohte z fosfolipidi, hialuronsko kislino in proteoglikani, ki vlažijo kožo in nohte. Zaščitne rokavice pri delu z vlago. Lake za nohte z dodatkom kalcija.
Glivične okužbe nohtov:
Glivične okužbe so zelo pogoste, predvsem na nohtih na nogah. Dobite jih največkrat v kopališčih, savni, tuših in v fitnesih. Končni del nohtne plošče se loči od posteljice, noht je zadebeljen in rumenkasto ali belo obarvan, ter krhek.
Priporočam redno nego nog in mazanje z eteričnim oljem čajevca, če to ne pomaga pa obisk pri dermatologu.
Vraščeni nohti:
Vraščene nohte največkrat povzroča nepravilno striženje nohtov, velikokrat pa tudi pretesna obuvala. Stranski del nohta se zaviha v stransko kožno gubo, pri tem pa povzroča hude bolečine. Pogosto temu sledi še okužba in posledično vnetje.
Priporočam primerno obuvalo, striženje nohtov naravnost in obisk kozmetičarke, ki bo namestila t.i. sponko, ki bo dvignila del nohta, ki se vrašča.
IZGLED NOHTA NAM POVE RAZKRIJE NAŠE ZDRAVSTVENO STANJE
Svetel noht
Zelo svetel, skorajda bel noht je povezan s starostnimi spremembami nohtov. Lahko pa je tudi znak resnih bolezni, kot so:
- anemija (slabokrvnost)
- srčno popuščanje
- bolezni jeter
- podhranjenost
Bel noht
Če je noht skoraj v celoti bel z nekaj temnimi platišči, lahko to kaže na težave z jetri, ki so lahko posledica vnetja jeter oziroma hepatitisa. Ta je lahko posledica okužbe s hepatotropnimi virusi, prekomernega uživanja alkohola, zdravil in kemičnih snovi, motenj presnove ali imunskega odziva. Če poleg belih nohtov opazimo tudi rumenkaste prste, tako kot na fotografiji, je to še dodaten znak, da gre za težave z jetri.
Rumeni nohti
Eden najpogostejših vzrokov rumenih nohtov je glivična okužba. Če se infekcija poslabša, se lahko noht zadebeli in začne odstopati od platišča. V redkih primerih lahko rumeni nohti kažejo na bolj resne bolezni, kot so bolezni ščitnice, pljuč, sladkorna bolezen in luskavica.
Modrikast noht
Modrikast noht nam daje vedeti, da telo nima dovolj kisika. Ob tem tako lahko pomislimo na infekcijo pljuč, na primer pljučnico. Rahlo modrikast noht pa je lahko simptom sladkorne bolezni.
Poškodovana nohtna površina
Če je površina nohta natrgana, je to lahko eden od zgodnjih znakov luskavice ali psoriaze. Gre za kronično vnetno bolezen z značilnimi kožnimi žarišči, ki so pordela, različno oblikovana in prekrita s srebrno-sivimi luskami. Bolezen najpogosteje prizadene komolce, kolena, ledveni predel in nohte. Natrgani nohti pa lahko kažejo tudi na revmatoidni artritis, ki se pogosto pojavlja tudi pri bolnikih z luskavico. Gre za vnetno bolezen veziva, ki povzroči kronično vnetje sklepov, prizadene pa lahko tudi pljuča, srce in oči.
Počeni ali razcepljeni nohti
Suhe, lomljive in razcepljene nohte povezujemo z boleznimi ščitnice. Če so nohti poleg tega še rumenkasti, pa gre najverjetneje za glivično okužbo.
Poškodovana obnohtna koža
Rdeča in otekla obnohtna kožica lahko kaže na luskavico ali katero drugo motnjo veznega tkiva. Lahko pa je le posledica grizenja obnohtne kože.
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